Python 3 urllib produces TypeError: POST data should be bytes or an iterable of bytes. It cannot be of type str -

i trying convert working python 2.7 code python 3 code , receiving type error urllib request module.

i used inbuilt 2to3 python tool convert below working urllib , urllib2 python 2.7 code:

import urllib2 import urllib  url = "https://www.customdomain.com" d = dict(parameter1="value1", parameter2="value2")  req = urllib2.request(url, data=urllib.urlencode(d)) f = urllib2.urlopen(req) resp = f.read() 

the output 2to3 module below python 3 code:

import urllib.request, urllib.error, urllib.parse  url = "https://www.customdomain.com" d = dict(parameter1="value1", parameter2="value2")  req = urllib.request.request(url, data=urllib.parse.urlencode(d)) f = urllib.request.urlopen(req) resp = f.read() 

when python 3 code run following error produced:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------- typeerror                                 traceback (most recent call last) <ipython-input-56-206954140899> in <module>()       5        6 req = urllib.request.request(url, data=urllib.parse.urlencode(d)) ----> 7 f = urllib.request.urlopen(req)       8 resp = f.read()  c:\users\admin\anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in urlopen(url, data, timeout, cafile, capath, cadefault, context)     159     else:     160         opener = _opener --> 161     return opener.open(url, data, timeout)     162      163 def install_opener(opener):  c:\users\admin\anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in open(self, fullurl, data, timeout)     459         processor in self.process_request.get(protocol, []):     460             meth = getattr(processor, meth_name) --> 461             req = meth(req)     462      463         response = self._open(req, data)  c:\users\admin\anaconda3\lib\urllib\request.py in do_request_(self, request)    1110                 msg = "post data should bytes or iterable of bytes. " \    1111                       "it cannot of type str." -> 1112                 raise typeerror(msg)    1113             if not request.has_header('content-type'):    1114                 request.add_unredirected_header(  typeerror: post data should bytes or iterable of bytes. cannot of type str. 

i have read 2 other tickets (ticket1 , ticket2) mentioned encoding date.

when changed line f = urllib.request.urlopen(req) f = urllib.request.urlopen(req.encode('utf-8')) received following error: attributeerror: 'request' object has no attribute 'encode'

i stuck how make python 3 code work. please me?

from docs note params output urlencode encoded bytes before sent urlopen data:

data = urllib.parse.urlencode(d).encode("utf-8") req = urllib.request.request(url) urllib.request.urlopen(req,data=data) f:     resp = f.read()     print(resp)